Poster Presentation Australian Microbial Ecology 2017

Can we identify disease suppressive soils for Rhizoctonia solani AG8 using “omics” approaches? (#120)

Helen Hayden 1 , Vilnis Ezernieks 1 , Ching-Seng Ang 2 , Ira Cooke 3 , Keith Savin 1 , Claire Allan 1 , Jenny Wadeson 1 , Simone Rochfort 1 , Pauline Mele 1
  1. Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, BUNDOORA, VIC, Australia
  2. Bio21, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  3. Comparative Genomics Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia

Disease suppressive soils are a biological phenomenon where the resident soil microbial community counteracts plant pathogens and stops them from infecting crops. Soils with these characteristics have been identified globally for various soilborne plant pathogens and crops. In Australia and the Pacific Northwest of the USA, disease suppression has been demonstrated for R. solani (bare patch disease) and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) (take-all disease) in cereal crops in farmer’s fields and long-term trial sites. Currently the only way to identify fields with disease suppression of R. solani AG-8 is by doing glasshouse-based pot trials, where field soils are inoculated with the fungus, planted with wheat and disease symptoms evaluated. The aim of this research was to test different microbial “omics” methodologies to identify potential biomarkers which may be used to identify fields with disease suppression, and measure the impacts of different farm management practices on disease suppression. Soil samples were collected from two adjacent fields in Avon, South Australia, one known to be suppressive for R. solani AG8 and the other non-suppressive resulting in infected cereal crops. Samples were collected at different times throughout the cropping cycle and over two years. Both bulk soil and rhizosphere samples were collected and soil chemical and physical traits determined. TRFLPs were used to determine if suppressive and non-suppressive soils had different microbial communities before soil samples were examined using “omics” assays. Methods for the four key “omics” technologies in systems-biology were developed and optimised for soil to examine metagenomics for DNA, metatranscriptomics for RNA, metaproteomics for proteins, and metametabolomics for small molecules/metabolites. The aim of this work was the discovery of potential biomarkers of suppressive soils which could be taken for further validation in future studies. Considerations, pitfalls, and successes for the various “omics” methodologies and their application to discriminate between suppressive and non-suppressive soils for R. solani AG8 will be presented.