Antibiotics are used widely for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in human and veterinary medicine. The phenomenon of antibiotic resistance is a growing problem worldwide, requiring international cooperative efforts. The resistance of antibiotics is found naturally in some bacteria that can produce and use antibiotics for self-protection. However, bacteria may also become resistant either by a genetic mutation or by acquiring antibiotic resistance genes from another bacterium. These environmental microbes have been found to possess a high level of antibiotic resistance, as well as some of them are multi-drug resistant to many antibiotics. Furthermore, it is believed that antibiotic resistance genes in pathogenic organisms have arisen in the environment, and they have transferred through Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) via mobile genetic elements. Recently, culture-independent studies have detected antibiotic resistance genes in indoor environment. This represents a high potential risk for public health especially in indoor environment where people spend most of their time. The main aim of my research project is to determine what is the variation and diversity of antibiotics resistance bacteria (ARB) and genes (ARG) within and between different houses. This can be accomplished firstly by determining the variation and diversity of bacterial communities within and between different houses, utilizing culture-independent Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. In this aim I am determining whether bacterial communities found in household environments are house-specific or habitat-specific. Secondly, investigating how bacterial diversity varying within and between different houses. Thirdly, I am identifying the most abundant bacterial species and taxa found in household environments. In the second aim I will describe the structure and diversity of the antibiotic resistance gene pool within and between different houses, using metagenomics.